{"id":27665,"date":"2019-12-04T14:11:47","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T11:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/?p=27665"},"modified":"2019-12-06T12:44:31","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T09:44:31","slug":"buyuk-yanilgi-yagmaci-faaliyetlerin-nedeni-acik-erisim-felsefesi-degil-zehra-taskin-ve-guleda-dogan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/2019\/12\/04\/buyuk-yanilgi-yagmaci-faaliyetlerin-nedeni-acik-erisim-felsefesi-degil-zehra-taskin-ve-guleda-dogan","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck yan\u0131lg\u0131: Ya\u011fmac\u0131 faaliyetlerin nedeni a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim felsefesi de\u011fil! &#8211; Zehra Ta\u015fk\u0131n ve G\u00fcleda Do\u011fan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/acik-erisim-felsefesi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-27666\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/acik-erisim-felsefesi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"390\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a><strong><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Zehra Ta\u015fk\u0131n, G\u00fcleda Do\u011fan<\/span><br \/>\n<\/em><em>Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergilerle ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n alevlendi\u011fi tarihlerde \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/sarkac.org\/2018\/10\/bir-tuhaf-savas-acik-bilim-ve-yagmaci-dergiler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bir tuhaf sava\u015f: A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim ve ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergiler<\/a>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k [1]. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131 ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergilerin palazlanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeninin a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim felsefesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak ve say\u0131lara odaklanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011ferlendirmeleri sonucu y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fimiz akademik kalite sorunu konusunda karar vericileri uyarmakt\u0131.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada ya\u011fmac\u0131 faaliyetlerin pek \u00e7o\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim felsefesinin hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fclerek izliyor, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda yap\u0131lan onca fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen<strong> a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimin y\u00f6netici ve karar vericilerce hala anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebebi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dijital d\u00fcnyada devle\u015fen yay\u0131nevleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bilimsel ileti\u015fim s\u00fcreci yazarlar, hakemler, edit\u00f6rler, yay\u0131nc\u0131lar ve okuyucular\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan devasa bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. S\u00fcreci \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse: Yazar(lar) bir yaz\u0131 kaleme al\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ya uygun bir dergi se\u00e7er -ki zaten iyi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 kendi alan\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan iyi dergileri bilir ve takip eder, yaz\u0131s\u0131na en uygun dergiyi kolayl\u0131kla se\u00e7er. Yaz\u0131 dergi edit\u00f6r\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir. Dergi edit\u00f6r\u00fc makaleyi uygunluk kontrol\u00fcnden ge\u00e7irdikten sonra hakem de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flat\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te genellikle iki hakem \u00e7o\u011funlukla g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak yaz\u0131y\u0131 inceler. Yaz\u0131 kurulca kabul edilirse yay\u0131n s\u00fcrecine ge\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer derginin sahibi ticari bir yay\u0131nevi ise yaz\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131nda ya da sonunda telif devir formunun imzalan\u0131p g\u00f6nderilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Telif devir formunun anlam\u0131 yaz\u0131ya ili\u015fkin \u00e7e\u015fitli haklar\u0131n dergi yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131na devredilmesidir. Yani yazar yay\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131n\u0131 makalesini yay\u0131nlatmak istedi\u011fi dergiye verir ve baz\u0131 durumlarda bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yazar\u0131n\u0131n kendi makalesine eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in bile \u00f6deme yapmas\u0131 gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yay\u0131nevleri yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k giderlerinin devasa boyutta oldu\u011fu (matbaa, lojistik, insan g\u00fcc\u00fc vb.) bas\u0131l\u0131 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00f6neminde kazand\u0131klar\u0131 paran\u0131n onlarca belki de y\u00fczlerce kat\u0131n\u0131 elektronik yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 kazand\u0131. Dijital yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k sayesinde d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki bilimsel \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131na milyar dolarl\u0131k \u015firketler sahip oldu ve bu \u015firketler bilimsel \u00fcretimi bir ticari uygulamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kamu kaynaklar\u0131yla \u00fcretilen bilimsel \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lara eri\u015febilmek i\u00e7in ki\u015filer, kurumlar, \u00fclkeler milyar dolarl\u0131k abonelikler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. \u015eirketler ayn\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131, defalarca kez, tekrar tekrar satarak varl\u0131klar\u0131na varl\u0131k katt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim giri\u015fimi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Durumun fark\u0131nda olan bir grup Don Ki\u015fot [2] 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda Budape\u015fte A\u00e7\u0131k Eri\u015fim Giri\u015fimini ba\u015flatt\u0131 [3]. Dediler ki:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cBilimsel literat\u00fcre eri\u015fimdeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131na, e\u011fitimin geli\u015ftirilmesine, zengin ile yoksulun \u2013 yoksul ile zenginin bilgiyi payla\u015fmas\u0131na, bu literat\u00fcr\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 hale getirilmesine, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak bir entelekt\u00fcel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve bilgi arama ortam\u0131nda birle\u015fmesine zemin haz\u0131rlar\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dediler ki, kamu kaynaklar\u0131yla \u00fcretilen bilimsel i\u00e7eri\u011fe eri\u015fim \u00fccretsiz olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu, en temel olarak iki yolla ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Birincisinde yay\u0131n i\u00e7in \u00f6demeyi okuyucu de\u011fil, yazar yapar. Bu sayede ayn\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131n defalarca sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilerek tek bir kerede \u00f6deme yap\u0131l\u0131r (<strong>alt\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li>\u0130kinci yolda yazarlar kendilerine ait olan kopyalar\u0131 ki\u015fisel web sayfalar\u0131nda ya da kurumsal ar\u015fivlerinde diledikleri gibi depolar (<strong>ye\u015fil a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim<\/strong>). B\u00f6ylece bir yazar\u0131n kendi entelekt\u00fcel birikimine dayanan \u00fcretimine eri\u015fim engellenmemi\u015f, hatta herkes\u00e7e eri\u015filebilir ve payla\u015f\u0131labilir hale gelmi\u015f olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim hareketi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada inan\u0131lmaz bir yank\u0131 buldu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma fonlayan kurulu\u015flar fonlar\u0131yla \u00fcretilen yay\u0131nlar\u0131n alt\u0131n yol ile herkese a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir engel olmaks\u0131z\u0131n herkes taraf\u0131ndan okunabilmesi amac\u0131yla yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 APC (Article Processing Charge\/ Makale \u0130\u015flem \u00dccreti) giderlerine ay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Alt\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fime dayanan yeni dergiler kuruldu ve halihaz\u0131rda var olanlar desteklendi (eLife, PlosONE gibi). T\u00fcm d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim felsefesini i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde de 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-content\/uploads\/dosyalar\/acikerisim\/belgeler\/1-ulusal-acik-erisim-calistayi-sonuc-bildirgesi-tr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ilk A\u00e7\u0131k Eri\u015fim \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131n sonu\u00e7 raporu<\/a>nda ulusal anlamda merkezi bir a\u00e7\u0131k ar\u015fivin gereklili\u011finden, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan fark\u0131ndal\u0131k program\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok konu yer ald\u0131 [4]. A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftaylar\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131k bilim konferanslar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve en sonuncusu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/2019\/12\/03\/gerceklestirilen-7-ulusal-acik-bilim-konferansina-dair-aciklama-yapildi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">19-20 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihlerinde \u0130zmir\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi<\/a> [5]. \u00dclkemizde de bir grup Don Ki\u015fot a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratmak i\u00e7in y\u0131llard\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fck emek veriyor. Ancak t\u00fcm bu \u00e7abalar ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergilerin \u201cya\u011fmac\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim dergiler\u201d olarak isimlendirilmesi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck yara al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck yan\u0131lg\u0131: \u201cYa\u011fmac\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim dergiler\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergiler sorununa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aran\u0131rken s\u0131kl\u0131kla her kal\u0131ba uyan kriterler ortaya koyulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ancak bu \u00e7aba hatal\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarla sonu\u00e7lanabiliyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cya\u011fmac\u0131 dergilerde yay\u0131n yapmak i\u00e7in yazar \u00fccret \u00f6der\u201d ve \u201cya\u011fmac\u0131 dergiler a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimli dergilerdir\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yan\u0131lg\u0131y\u0131 da beraberinde getiriyor: \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimli olan ve yay\u0131n i\u00e7in para alan t\u00fcm dergiler ya\u011fmac\u0131d\u0131r\u201d yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en prestijli say\u0131lan dergileri (<em>Nature<\/em>\u00a0gibi) alt\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim modeli kullan\u0131yor ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yazarlar yay\u0131n yapmak i\u00e7in para \u00f6d\u00fcyorlar. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en prestijli dergilerinin \u201cya\u011fmac\u0131\u201d olarak yaftalanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanabiliyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ya\u011fmac\u0131 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc uzaklarda aramaya gerek yok. Ancak bir sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek istiyorsan\u0131z \u00f6nce onu anlaman\u0131z gerek. Ya\u011fmac\u0131 faaliyetler k\u00f6t\u00fc bilimsel pratikler ve k\u00f6t\u00fc performans de\u011ferlendirme sistemlerinin bir sonucu. Tamamen say\u0131ya dayal\u0131 performans de\u011ferlendirme sistemleri, bu sistemlerin oyunlara a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131, en \u00e7ok yay\u0131n\u0131 olan\u0131n yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara zaten yapmalar\u0131 beklenen uygulamalar i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli te\u015fvikler verilmesi, bu te\u015fvik politikalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, alan bazl\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131, herkesin tek bir kal\u0131ba s\u0131\u011fd\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, yay\u0131nla ya da yok ol bask\u0131s\u0131, do\u011fru akademik uygulamalar konusunda bilgi sahibi olunmamas\u0131, gen\u00e7 akademisyenlerin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki do\u011fru \u00f6rnek azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, akranlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirme yeteneklerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve profesyonel davranmamalar\u0131, akran de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u015feffaf olmamas\u0131, daha iyi olan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0131kama gelene\u011fi\u2026 T\u00fcm bunlar ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergiler sorununu besleyen nedenlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131. Bu sebeplerin hi\u00e7biri do\u011frudan a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimle ilgili de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Say\u0131lar\u0131n diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ve kaliteli bilimsel yay\u0131nlar herkes\u00e7e eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funda ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergiler sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sarkac.org\/2018\/10\/bir-tuhaf-savas-acik-bilim-ve-yagmaci-dergiler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sarkac.org\/2018\/10\/bir-tuhaf-savas-acik-bilim-ve-yagmaci-dergiler\/<\/a><br \/>\n[2]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sarkac.org\/2019\/01\/akademinin-yel-degirmenleriyle-savasinda-don-kisot-olmak\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sarkac.org\/2019\/01\/akademinin-yel-degirmenleriyle-savasinda-don-kisot-olmak\/<\/a><br \/>\n[3]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org\/translations\/turkish-translation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org\/translations\/turkish-translation<\/a><br \/>\n[4]\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ae2012.acikerisim.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ae2012.acikerisim.org\/<\/a><br \/>\n[5]\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/os2019.acikbilim.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/os2019.acikbilim.org\/<\/a><br \/>\n[6] Tyranny of Metrics, Jerry Z. Muller taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan bir kitapt\u0131r. Kavram\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi Ay\u00e7a Kamal\u0131o\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sarkac.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zehra Ta\u015fk\u0131n, G\u00fcleda Do\u011fan Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri. Ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergilerle ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n alevlendi\u011fi tarihlerde \u201cBir tuhaf sava\u015f: A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim ve ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergiler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k [1]. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131 ya\u011fmac\u0131 dergilerin palazlanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeninin a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim felsefesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak ve say\u0131lara odaklanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011ferlendirmeleri sonucu y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fimiz akademik kalite [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":149,"featured_media":27666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1564,1],"tags":[1224,1108,1109],"class_list":["post-27665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dr-ogr-uyesi-zehra-taskin","category-genel","tag-guleda-dogan","tag-predatory-journal","tag-yagmaci-dergiler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27665"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/149"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27665"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27669,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27665\/revisions\/27669"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}