{"id":27162,"date":"2019-09-30T14:12:40","date_gmt":"2019-09-30T11:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/?p=27162"},"modified":"2019-11-04T10:32:58","modified_gmt":"2019-11-04T07:32:58","slug":"kitap-ve-kutuphane-tarihinden-ilginc-notlar-2-prof-dr-bulent-yilmaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/2019\/09\/30\/kitap-ve-kutuphane-tarihinden-ilginc-notlar-2-prof-dr-bulent-yilmaz","title":{"rendered":"Kitap ve K\u00fct\u00fcphane Tarihinden \u0130lgin\u00e7 Notlar-2 | Prof. Dr. B\u00fclent Y\u0131lmaz"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[avatar user=&#8221;bulentyilmaz&#8221; \/]<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/author\/bulentyilmaz\"><br \/>\nProf.Dr.B\u00fclent YILMAZ<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi BBY B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/kitap-ve-kutuphane-tarihinden-ilginc-notlar-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-27102\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/kitap-ve-kutuphane-tarihinden-ilginc-notlar-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"390\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a>Kitap ve k\u00fct\u00fcphane tarihi \u00fczerine ilgin\u00e7 say\u0131labilecek notlar\u0131 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/2019\/09\/23\/kitap-ve-kutuphane-tarihinden-ilginc-notlar-1-prof-dr-bulent-yilmaz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (t\u0131kla)<\/strong><\/a> kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden s\u00fcrd\u00fcrelim.<!--more--><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130skenderiye\u2019deki k\u00fct\u00fcphane, garip bir bi\u00e7imde hep su\u00e7la an\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015ftu. Kurucusu Demetrios gizemli bir engerek \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; bir\u00e7ok k\u00fct\u00fcphaneci zalimce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>Tarih\u00e7i Ammianus MS 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: \u201cK\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, mezarlar gibi sonsuza dek kilitlenmi\u015fti.\u201d Kopyalama ve okuma 5.-6. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda neredeyse yaln\u0131zca soylulara ve din adamlar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc, ender rastlanan etkinliklerdi.<\/li>\n<li>925 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hun sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019deki St. Gallen Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda k\u00fct\u00fcphaneden sorumlu Wiborada ad\u0131nda k\u00fct\u00fcphaneci kad\u0131n bir r\u00fcya g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta ba\u015flayan sald\u0131r\u0131dan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce t\u00fcm kitaplar\u0131 g\u00f6md\u00fc. \u00c7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r yaral\u0131 halde kitaplar\u0131 g\u00f6md\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerdeki bir toprak y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulundu, daha sonra bulunan kitaplara hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu hareketiyle azize unvan\u0131 ald\u0131. Wiborada Hristiyanlara g\u00f6re kitapseverlerin koruyucu azizesidir ve kilise taraf\u0131ndan kutsanan ilk kad\u0131n (k\u00fct\u00fcphaneci) olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cEzberden okuma, aktarma\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Kur\u2019an Zeyd bin Sabit taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ya aktar\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce palmiye yapraklar\u0131na, develerin yass\u0131 kemikleri \u00fczerine ve par\u015f\u00f6menlere yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda bir d\u00f6nem Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta 36 halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi bulunuyordu.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zbekistan topraklar\u0131nda Buhara\u2019da (8-9. yy) yer alan Emirlik K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. D\u00f6nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck filozoflar\u0131ndan olan ve 400\u2019den fazla kitaba imza atm\u0131\u015f \u0130bn-i Sina, emirin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fct\u00fcphaneden diledi\u011fi gibi yararlanma iznine sahip olmu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n<li>Filozof Demokritos iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlerini oymu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n<li>Dinsel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri nedeniyle Katolik yetkilileri ve reformcular\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Miguel Servet 1553 y\u0131l\u0131nda tutukland\u0131, yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm edildi. Yakma eylemini uzatmak i\u00e7in \u0131slak odunlar haz\u0131rland\u0131. Beline bir el yazmas\u0131 ve kendi kitab\u0131n\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131 ba\u011fland\u0131. Yakma \u00f6ncesi bir rahip konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ancak k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra kurban\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 duyuldu. \u0130ki saat sonra k\u00fcller yak\u0131ndaki bir g\u00f6le d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>Dinsel bir Hristiyan ak\u0131m olan Anabaptistler \u201ckitabi bilgilere \u00f6nem vermemekle \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcr, cahillerin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerdi.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Roma Katolik Kilisesi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 savlar\u0131 herkes \u00f6n\u00fcnde savunan David Joris\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitap 1559\u2019da yak\u0131ld\u0131. Joris Basel\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 ve ad\u0131n\u0131 Jan von Brugge olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve b\u00f6ylece huzur i\u00e7inde eceliyle \u00f6lebildi. Basel \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden bir komisyon rastlant\u0131yla onun ger\u00e7ek kimli\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Kilise, Joris\u2019in kemiklerinin mezardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kitaplar\u0131 ve risaleleriyle birlikte yak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti.<\/li>\n<li>Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nden sonra Napolyon y\u00fczlerce kitab\u0131 cephane yap\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><em>Titanic<\/em> 1912\u2019de bir buzda\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131p batt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2.227 ki\u015fi ta\u015f\u0131yordu. 705 ki\u015fi kurtar\u0131ld\u0131 ama \u00f6zel kitaplardan olu\u015fan ve geminin birinci ve ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f yolcular\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fct\u00fcphane yok oldu.<\/li>\n<li>1939\u2019da St. Louis Halk K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi John Steinbeck\u2019in <em>Gazap \u00dcz\u00fcmleri<\/em>\u2019ni geri \u00e7evirdi ve kitab\u0131 herkesin \u00f6n\u00fcnde yakt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Hitler Goebbels\u2019e s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z yetki verdi. Goebbels\u2019in bir zamanlar Hegel\u2019in de ders verdi\u011fi Heidelberg\u2019den filoloji doktoras\u0131 vard\u0131. Yunan klasiklerinin tutkulu okuyucusuydu. Almanya\u2019da kitaplar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emrini o verdi.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda <em>British Museum<\/em> da sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131 ama k\u00fct\u00fcphanecilerin inan\u0131lmaz cesareti kay\u0131plar\u0131 250 bin kitap ve 30 bin cilt gazete ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tuttu.<\/li>\n<li>Amerikal\u0131 Anthony Comstock ABD tarihinin en \u00e7ok kitap yok eden insan\u0131 olarak an\u0131msan\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve <em>Comstock Yasas\u0131<\/em> diye bilinen yasa ile 120 bin kitap, dergi, bro\u015f\u00fcr halka a\u00e7\u0131k yerlerde yak\u0131ld\u0131. S\u00f6ylentilere g\u00f6re Comstock kariyeri boyunca intihara s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi yazarlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131yla (bir d\u00fczineden fazla) da \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f.<\/li>\n<li>2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda New Mexico\u2019da dini bir cemaat \u201cgen\u00e7lere cad\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma esini verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u201d y\u00fczlerce Harry Potter kitab\u0131n\u0131 yakt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>2007\u2019de ABD Florida Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde K\u00fct\u00fcphanecilik dal\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131n\u0131 alan bir kad\u0131n resmi bilimsel e\u011fitimini tamamlamas\u0131n\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 yakarak kutlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Rumen yazar Emil Cioran \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ard\u0131nda 34 not defteri ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bin sayfa b\u0131rakt\u0131; \u00fcstlerinde k\u0131sa bir talimat verdi: \u201cYok edin.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>1993\u2019te Bosna\u2019da Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphane S\u0131rplar taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kent \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca siyah bir karla bo\u011fuldu.<\/li>\n<li>2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler ya\u011fmalan\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra d\u00f6nemin ABD Savunma Bakan\u0131 Rumsfeld, \u201colur b\u00f6yle \u015feyler; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck d\u00fczensizdir, \u00f6zg\u00fcr insanlar da hata yapmakta, su\u00e7 i\u015flemekte ve k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler yapmakta \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr,\u201d dedi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Kaynak<\/strong>: Frnando Baez. <strong><em>Kitap K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Evrensel Tarihi<\/em><\/strong>. \u00c7ev. Tolga Esmer. \u0130stanbul: Can, 2018.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[avatar user=&#8221;bulentyilmaz&#8221; \/] Prof.Dr.B\u00fclent YILMAZ Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi BBY B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Kitap ve k\u00fct\u00fcphane tarihi \u00fczerine ilgin\u00e7 say\u0131labilecek notlar\u0131 ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde (t\u0131kla) kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden s\u00fcrd\u00fcrelim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":27168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[1460],"class_list":["post-27162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-kose-yazarlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27162"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/146"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27162"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27164,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27162\/revisions\/27164"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}