{"id":25989,"date":"2019-01-25T16:03:30","date_gmt":"2019-01-25T13:03:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/?p=25989"},"modified":"2019-01-25T16:03:30","modified_gmt":"2019-01-25T13:03:30","slug":"bilimsel-yayinlara-acik-erisim-modelleri-prof-dr-yasar-tonta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/2019\/01\/25\/bilimsel-yayinlara-acik-erisim-modelleri-prof-dr-yasar-tonta","title":{"rendered":"Bilimsel yay\u0131nlara a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim modelleri | Prof.Dr. Ya\u015far TONTA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
G\u00f6rselde afi\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclen “Paywall” ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve bilime a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimin gereklili\u011fine odaklanan bir belgesel. Belgesel creative commons lisansl\u0131 ve https:\/\/paywallthemovie.com\/ adresinden izlenebiliyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Prof.Dr. Ya\u015far TONTA|<\/strong>\u00a0Almanya ve \u0130sve\u00e7 gibi \u00fclkeler, Elsevier gibi baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yay\u0131nevleriyle anla\u015fmaya varamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan, bu \u00fclkelerdeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ilgili yay\u0131nevinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 2500 dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan g\u00fcncel makalelere eri\u015femiyorlar. \u00a0Anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamamas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni ise taraflar\u0131n, elektronik dergilerde yay\u0131n ve eri\u015fimle ilgili farkl\u0131 modeller konusunda \u0131srarc\u0131 olmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da \u00f6nce iki a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim modelinin nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini k\u0131saca\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p, daha sonra yay\u0131nc\u0131larla yap\u0131lan pazarl\u0131klarla ilgili g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmelere de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu zamana kadar elektronik dergilerde yay\u0131mlanan makalelerin tam metinlerine eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in uygulanan model \u201cBig Deal\u201d (B\u00fcy\u00fck Ticaret) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu modelde, bir yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n dergilerinde yay\u0131mlanan b\u00fct\u00fcn makalelere tam metin eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir \u00fclkedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumlar\u0131 temsilen bir konsorsiyum, yay\u0131nc\u0131yla lisans anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzal\u0131yor, o \u00fclkedeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131c\u0131lar da bu yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n dergilerindeki makalelere eri\u015febiliyorlar. Lisans \u00fccretleri genellikle merkezi bir b\u00fct\u00e7eden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor (\u00f6rne\u011fin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de T\u00dcB\u0130TAK). Daha az say\u0131da \u00fcniversitenin ilgilendi\u011fi yay\u0131nlar\u0131n lisans \u00fccretlerini ise \u00fcniversiteler kendi b\u00fct\u00e7elerinden \u00f6d\u00fcyor (miktar \u00fcniversitelerin kullan\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiyor).<\/p>\n

Ancak aradan ge\u00e7en y\u0131llarda B\u00fcy\u00fck Ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n oligopolle\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu modelin bilimsel yay\u0131nlara a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimi desteklemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bunun \u00fczerine bilimsel yay\u0131nlara a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimi h\u0131zland\u0131rmak ve maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 modeller geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u0131srarc\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve fakat Elsevier\u2019in kabul etmedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim modeli \u201cYay\u0131mla ve Oku\u201d (Publish & Read) modelidir. Bu modele g\u00f6re ilk yazar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin, Almanya\u2019daki bir kurumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan makaleler i\u00e7in ulusal konsorsiyum (Projekt DEAL) yay\u0131nc\u0131ya toptan bir \u00fccret \u00f6deyecek, bu makaleler ilgili dergilerde yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki kullan\u0131c\u0131lara hemen a\u00e7\u0131lacak. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Almanya\u2019daki konsorsiyum \u00fcyesi t\u00fcm kurumlar\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 o yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n eski y\u0131llar da dahil b\u00fct\u00fcn online makalelerine eri\u015febilecekler.<\/p>\n

Elsevier ise bunun yerine \u201cOku ve Yay\u0131mla\u201d (Read & Publish) modelinde \u0131srar ediyor. Bu modele g\u00f6re ise bir konsorsiyum, \u015fimdi oldu\u011fu gibi, yay\u0131nc\u0131yla \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ticaret\u201d lisans anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalayacak, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda o \u00fclkedeki konsorsiyum \u00fcyesi kurumlar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 o yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n dergilerinde makale yay\u0131mlamak istediklerinde makale i\u015flem \u00fccreti \u00f6demeyecekler. Yani, bir bak\u0131ma, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu zamana kadar bir yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n dergilerinde yay\u0131mlanan makaleleri okumak i\u00e7in \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ticaret\u201d anla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6dedikleri \u00fccretler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 zamanda o dergilerde \u00fccretsiz yay\u0131n yapabilecekler. Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar bu modeli b\u00fct\u00fcn yay\u0131nlara tam a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fime ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rme e\u011filimindeler. Ancak Oku ve Yay\u0131mla modeli geleneksel B\u00fcy\u00fck Ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131ndan hem daha pahal\u0131ya mal oluyor hem de bu karma model (baz\u0131 makalelere eri\u015fimin \u00fccretli, baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u00fccretsiz olmas\u0131) ayn\u0131 makaleler i\u00e7in yay\u0131nc\u0131lara iki kez \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n (\u201cdouble dipping\u201d) yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimi daha da geciktirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in pek de \u00fcniversitelerin ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin yarar\u0131na de\u011fil (Schonfeld, 2018).<\/p>\n

Almanya, Elsevier Yay\u0131nevine Yay\u0131mla ve Oku modelini iki y\u0131l s\u00fcren pazarl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinden sonra kabul ettiremeyince yetkililerden biri yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nlerine diktikleri \u00f6deme duvar\u0131yla (paywall) Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: Sonunda anla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 sab\u0131rla ilgili. Almanya ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, bir duvarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ne kadar sab\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi (Vogel ve Kupferschmidt, 2017).<\/p>\n

Nitekim Almanya\u2019n\u0131n sabr\u0131 meyvelerini vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck yay\u0131nc\u0131 olan Wiley, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Yay\u0131mla ve Oku modelini kabul ederek \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. Almanya Wiley dergilerinde y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 bin makale yay\u0131ml\u0131yor. Anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019daki Projekt DEAL konsorsiyumu \u00fcyesi olan yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumu hem 1600\u2019den fazla Wiley dergisinde makale i\u015flem \u00fccreti \u00f6demeden makale yay\u0131mlayabilecek hem de Wiley Yay\u0131nevinin dergilerindeki makalelerin tam metinlerine 1997\u2019den itibaren eri\u015febilecekler (Wiley and Projekt DEAL, 2019). Anla\u015fman\u0131n detaylar\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz bilmiyoruz ama Wiley, Yay\u0131mla ve Oku modelini kabul eden tek yay\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011fil. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l da Macaristan Akademik Konsorsiyumu (EISZ) Springer Nature Yay\u0131neviyle benzer ko\u015fullarda bir anla\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f ve konsorsiyum \u00fcyelerine yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 Springer Nature dergisine eri\u015fim ve bu dergilerde \u00fccretsiz yay\u0131n yapma olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Springer Nature, 2018).<\/p>\n

Halen \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcniversiteler (\u00f6r., Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi) ve \u00fclkeler Yay\u0131mla ve Oku modelini yay\u0131nc\u0131lara kabul ettirmeye ya da kendi ulusal ara\u015ft\u0131rma altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak bilimsel yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar \u00fcniversite ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel yay\u0131nlara ve verilere a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim hedefine daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede varmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki, bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye hangi noktada?<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, \u00fcniversitelerdeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n elektronik dergilere eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in her y\u0131l \u201chat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r\u201d miktarda \u00f6deme yap\u0131yor. Ama yay\u0131nc\u0131larla yap\u0131lan konsorsiyal anla\u015fmalarda bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla bug\u00fcne kadar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim ve makale i\u015flem \u00fccretleri pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmad\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7e\u015fitli yay\u0131nevlerinin dergilerinde T\u00fcrkiye adresli ka\u00e7 yay\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunlar i\u00e7in ne kadar makale i\u015flem \u00fccreti \u00f6dendi\u011fini bilmek ve bu bilgiyi yay\u0131nc\u0131larla yap\u0131lan pazarl\u0131klarda kullanmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Esasen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki akademik \u00e7evrelerde genelde a\u00e7\u0131k bilim ve a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim konular\u0131na ya pek ilgi g\u00f6sterilmiyor ya da dikkatler, \u00f6rne\u011fin, akademik te\u015fvik gibi nispeten daha fazla akademisyenin ilgi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve daha iyi bildi\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz konular \u00fczerinde toplan\u0131yor. Bu da \u00fcniversitelerimizin d\u00fcnya bilim \u00e7evrelerinin tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131 neredeyse hi\u00e7 tart\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131na (\u00f6rne\u011fin,\u00a0Plan S<\/a>) neden oluyor. Bunun de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemeye gerek var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Ya\u015far Tonta<\/em><\/strong>
\nHacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Bilgi ve Belge Y\u00f6netimi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi<\/em><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Schonfeld, R.C. (2018, 4 Eyl\u00fcl). Read and Publish: Is It Good for the Academy? Scholarly Kitchen, t\u0131kla<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Springer Nature announces open access agreement with Electronic Information Service National Programme. (2018, 21 Aral\u0131k). t\u0131kla<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Vogel, G. ve Kupferschmidt, K. (2017, 23 A\u011fustos). A bold open-access push in Germany could change the future of academic publishing. Science Magazine. t\u0131kla<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Wiley and Projekt DEAL partner to enhance the future of scholarly research and publishing in Germany. (2019, 15 Ocak). t\u0131kla<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof.Dr. Ya\u015far TONTA|\u00a0Almanya ve \u0130sve\u00e7 gibi \u00fclkeler, Elsevier gibi baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yay\u0131nevleriyle anla\u015fmaya varamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan, bu \u00fclkelerdeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ilgili yay\u0131nevinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 2500 dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan g\u00fcncel makalelere eri\u015femiyorlar. \u00a0Anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamamas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni ise taraflar\u0131n, elektronik dergilerde yay\u0131n ve eri\u015fimle ilgili farkl\u0131 modeller konusunda \u0131srarc\u0131 olmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[141],"class_list":["post-25989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-prof-dr-yasar-tonta"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25989"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25989"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25992,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25989\/revisions\/25992"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}