{"id":25401,"date":"2018-11-02T08:43:16","date_gmt":"2018-11-02T05:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/?p=25401"},"modified":"2018-11-02T08:43:16","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T05:43:16","slug":"cagdas-kutuphanecilik-aslolan-kaynaklar-degil-insanlardir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/2018\/11\/02\/cagdas-kutuphanecilik-aslolan-kaynaklar-degil-insanlardir","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f K\u00fct\u00fcphanecilik: Aslolan kaynaklar de\u011fil, insanlard\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinin gelece\u011fiyle ilgili en \u00f6nemli konferanslardan biri haline gelen “Next Library\u00ae Conference” Eyl\u00fcl 2018’de ilk kez Berlin’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. K\u00fct\u00fcphanecilik d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki sorunlar, e\u011filimler ve ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, Goethe-Institut’un bu vesileyle haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dizi yaz\u0131yla ilgilenen okuyuculara aktar\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneler gelece\u011fi yarat\u0131r. Ama kendi gelecekleri belirsiz. Yar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleriyle ilgili “Gelece\u011fin K\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131 dizisinin birincisini sunuyoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok de\u011fil, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar kitap d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Ve bu kap\u0131dan ge\u00e7mek istiyorsan\u0131z k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye gitmeniz \u015fartt\u0131. Bilgi k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde toplan\u0131yor, d\u00fczenleniyor ve kullan\u0131ma sunuluyordu. Oysa bug\u00fcn milyonlarca dijital kitap ve derginin oldu\u011fu Google ve Wikipedia \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm bilgisine kendi ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonunuz, diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z ya da e-okuyucunuzda birka\u00e7 t\u0131klamayla ula\u015fabiliyorsunuz. Bu durumda k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere h\u00e2l\u00e2 ihtiya\u00e7 var m\u0131? Dijitalle\u015fmenin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcyle d\u00fcnyadan silip s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fclen hizmet dallar\u0131n\u0131n ve mesleklerin uzun listesine \u00e7ok yak\u0131nda k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler ve k\u00fct\u00fcphaneciler de mi eklenecek yoksa? Bu sorular\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar h\u00e2l\u00e2 tam gaz devam ederken, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00f6ylemi ile a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 iyimserlik aras\u0131nda gidip geliniyor. Ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar bu sorulara hemen bir yan\u0131t bulunamayacak kadar farkl\u0131, karma\u015f\u0131k ve k\u0131smen de \u00e7eli\u015fkili.<\/p>\n

\u00c7E\u015e\u0130T \u00c7E\u015e\u0130T K\u00dcT\u00dcPHANE<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin durumu hi\u00e7 fena g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor: Ortal\u0131k dijital kaynaklardan ge\u00e7ilmese de, Almanlar gerek \u00fcniversite k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini gerekse de halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini eskisinden daha yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131yor. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 220 milyonu bulan k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, \u00fclkenin en sevilen k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumu olarak m\u00fczelerden, sinemalardan ve Alman Milli Tak\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n top ko\u015fturdu\u011fu stadyumlardan bile daha \u00e7ok ra\u011fbet g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Ayr\u0131ca, Almanya’daki 10.000 civar\u0131ndaki halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ve akademik k\u00fct\u00fcphane \u00e7e\u015fitlilik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok zengin. M\u00fcthi\u015f bir ziyaret\u00e7i ak\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan akademik k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde \u00f6zellikle de bilgi kazan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00fcretimi \u00f6n plandayken, pek \u00e7ok \u015fehir ve kasaba k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bir mek\u00e2n olarak sunulan olanaklar ve bulu\u015fmalar giderek daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Eskiden ayak \u00fcst\u00fc kitap \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131p verilen bu yerlerin i\u015flevselli\u011fi yerini rahat koltuklara b\u0131rakt\u0131, bir s\u00fcr\u00fc k\u00fct\u00fcphanede insan\u0131 vakit ge\u00e7irmeye davet eden kafeler var ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanecilik hizmetleri, okuma etkinlikleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel programlarla zenginle\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n

K\u00dcT\u00dcPHANELER M\u0130YADINI DOLDURDU MU, YOKSA ELDEN M\u0130 GE\u00c7\u0130R\u0130LMEL\u0130?<\/strong>
\nSosyologlar \u015fu s\u0131ralarda ya\u015fanan “k\u00fct\u00fcphane R\u00f6nesans\u0131”n\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin ya\u015fam ve i\u015f alanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ticari olmayan “\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Yerler” (Ray Oldenburg) olmalar\u0131na ve internet a\u011f\u0131yla birle\u015fmi\u015f k\u00fcreselle\u015fmi\u015f bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma olana\u011f\u0131 sunmalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Kimileri i\u00e7in kafa dinleyebilecekleri bir yer k\u00fct\u00fcphane, kimileri i\u00e7inse, gelir d\u00fczeyinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve kamusal hayata kat\u0131lman\u0131n tek olana\u011f\u0131. Ticari olmayan, herkese a\u00e7\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6zellikle de halk k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri demokrasiye katk\u0131da bulunan fakt\u00f6rlerden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Mevzunun teorik k\u0131sm\u0131 b\u00f6yle. Fakat genelde pek \u00e7ok k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik ger\u00e7ekler bu tabloyla pek \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyen ve halihaz\u0131rda ya\u015fanan krizi yans\u0131tan bir dilden konu\u015fuyor, ki dijitalle\u015fme olmadan da bu noktaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin alt\u0131n\u0131n oyulmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci internetin kitle medyas\u0131 haline gelmesinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131. Kamu b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin bo\u015falan kasalar\u0131 yo\u011fun tasarruf tedbirleri al\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f, yeni al\u0131mlar ve donan\u0131mlara ayr\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu saatler azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin birle\u015ftirilmesine, hatta kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na son y\u0131llarda s\u0131k s\u0131k tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftuk zaten. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Almanya’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerinde bir dizi sansasyonel k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015frada bir s\u00fcr\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin giderek ihmal edilip bak\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini gizleyemiyor. O nedenle, k\u00fct\u00fcphane nosyonunun en iyi d\u00f6nemini geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izleniminin olu\u015fmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin miyad\u0131 doldu mu, yoksa elden mi ge\u00e7irilmeleri gerekiyor? Hangisinin do\u011fru oldu\u011funa kim karar verebilir ki?<\/p>\n

HAREKETE GE\u00c7MEK VE KORUMAK<\/strong>
\nBu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerden beklenen hizmetler de azalmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, kapsaml\u0131 g\u00f6revlere yenileri eklendi. Ne zamand\u0131r kitaplar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra elektronik kaynaklar, m\u00fczik, bilgisayar oyunlar\u0131 ve filmler de \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veriliyor. Fakat her \u015feye, her yerde, her an online eri\u015fim sa\u011flanabildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler sadece bilgi sa\u011flayarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremezler. Ya\u015ftan ve toplumsal stat\u00fcden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak insanlara bu bilgi bollu\u011fuyla ba\u015f etmeyi \u00f6\u011fretmek giderek daha \u00f6nemli hale geliyor. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler bu i\u015f i\u00e7in bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f kaftan. Fakat bunun i\u00e7in gereken kaynaklar\u0131n ve ekonomik olanaklar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin de farkl\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f ve tarz geli\u015ftirmesi gerekiyor. Derme geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi klasik i\u015flevlerin yerine kullan\u0131c\u0131larla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara art\u0131k daha fazla odaklan\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. “Libraries are about people, not stuff,” diyor Amerikal\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphane uzman\u0131 Rebekkah Smith Aldrich, yani k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde aslolan kaynaklar de\u011fil, insanlard\u0131r. Ama bu son derece \u00e2\u015fik\u00e2r olsa da, mesle\u011fin baz\u0131 temsilcileri i\u00e7in kafay\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmek anlam\u0131na geliyor. Ku\u015fkucular ise, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu gerekli de\u011fi\u015fimler yap\u0131l\u0131rken bir \u015feylerin yitirilmesinden, \u00f6rne\u011fin bas\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, yani kitab\u0131n arka plana itilmesinden korkuyorlar. K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin “atraksiyon haline getirildi\u011fi”, geli\u015fig\u00fczel davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n

H\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen bir ortamda hem mek\u00e2n ve kaynaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hem de pedagojik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f strateijiler geli\u015ftirirken, bir yandan da bunlar\u0131n temelinde yatan ba\u015far\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerini g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmamak kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fil k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler i\u00e7in. Bilgi deposu ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras, e\u011fitim kurumu ve bulu\u015fma ortam\u0131, bir nosyon ve fiziki mek\u00e2n… K\u00fct\u00fcphaneler bunlar\u0131n hepsini birden temsil etmeye devam etse de, amaca ve hedef kitleye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birbirlerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131lar. Her \u015feyden \u00f6te, s\u00fcrprizlere gebe yerler k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler. Weimar’daki D\u00fc\u015fes Anna Amalia K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin 2016’ya kadar m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olan Michael Knoche, 2017’de yay\u0131mlanan “K\u00fct\u00fcphane Nosyonu ve Gelece\u011fi” (Die Idee der Biblothek und ihre Zukunft) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bu konuyu da ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Knoche, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanede aramad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7eriklerle ve konularla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyordu. Bunlar, internetin bize sundu\u011fu “haz\u0131r arama algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve bilginin i\u015flek patikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde” olanaklard\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri Google \u00f6ncesi arama makineleri diye niteleyenler de hakl\u0131 elbette ama onlar bundan hep daha fazlas\u0131yd\u0131, salt bir ara\u00e7tan \u00f6teydi.<\/p>\n

K\u00dcT\u00dcPHANELER GELECE\u011e\u0130 YARATIR<\/strong>
\nUzmanlara g\u00f6re, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler \u00f6zellikle de de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda ve katlanarak artan bilgi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sosyal uyum ve yeni sorunlarla ba\u015f etme kapasitesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan eskisinden daha da \u00f6nemli. \u015eunu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz: E\u011fer k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler olmasayd\u0131, onlar\u0131 icat etmemiz gerekirdi. Fakat bug\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00fct\u00fcphaneci ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u015fyerlerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde olurlard\u0131 herhalde. Peki, odak noktas\u0131nda art\u0131k dermenin de\u011fil, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin d\u00fczeni, tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve mimarisinde nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? E\u015fitsizli\u011fin, sahte haberlerin (fake news) ve dijital manip\u00fclasyonun giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131ma ve medya becerisine \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f katk\u0131lar nas\u0131l olmal\u0131d\u0131r? E\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kesimlerin k\u00fct\u00fcphane hizmetlerine ilgi duymas\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler nas\u0131l sa\u011flayabilir? Ve k\u00fct\u00fcphaneciler gelecekte nas\u0131l bir rol oynayacak?<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 gelmeyen sorular. T\u00fcm\u00fc bir araya geldi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tablo, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7iren bir sekt\u00f6r ve kamu kurumu. Ama k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin t\u00fcm beklentileri bundan sonra nas\u0131l hakk\u0131yla yerine getirebilece\u011fine dair basit yan\u0131tlar ve re\u00e7eteler yok. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin gelece\u011fi, hizmetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken toplumsal rollerini nas\u0131l yeniden yorumlad\u0131klar\u0131 kadar, toplumumuz i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fere de ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinin gelece\u011fiyle ilgili en \u00f6nemli konferanslardan biri haline gelen “Next Library\u00ae Conference” Eyl\u00fcl 2018’de ilk kez Berlin’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. K\u00fct\u00fcphanecilik d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki sorunlar, e\u011filimler ve ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, Goethe-Institut’un bu vesileyle haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dizi yaz\u0131yla ilgilenen okuyuculara aktar\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneler gelece\u011fi yarat\u0131r. Ama kendi gelecekleri belirsiz. Yar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleriyle ilgili “Gelece\u011fin K\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131 dizisinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1092],"class_list":["post-25401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-gelecegin-kutuphaneleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25401"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25401"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25403,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25401\/revisions\/25403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}