{"id":18235,"date":"2016-01-20T13:04:08","date_gmt":"2016-01-20T11:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/?p=18235"},"modified":"2016-01-20T13:04:46","modified_gmt":"2016-01-20T11:04:46","slug":"parisin-turkce-konusan-kutuphanesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/2016\/01\/20\/parisin-turkce-konusan-kutuphanesi","title":{"rendered":"Paris’in ‘T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan’ k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Paris\u2019teki milli k\u00fct\u00fcphane BnF, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n gururudur. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanedeki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve bas\u0131l\u0131 eserlerinin sorumlusu, \u0130stanbullu Sara Yontan Han\u0131m ile ge\u00e7mi\u015fi as\u0131rlar \u00f6ncesine dayanan T\u00fcrk koleksiyonlar\u0131 \u00fczerine konu\u015ftuk. Nasreddin Hoca\u2019n\u0131n camide \u2018m\u00fcnasebetsiz\u2019 bir tavr\u0131n\u0131 konu eden bir f\u0131kras\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 piyasadan hemen geri \u00e7ekilen bir Boratav \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan, Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n Frans\u0131z Kral\u0131 I. Fran\u00e7ois\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuba 1600\u2019lerin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019sini Latin harflerine aktararak belki de Atat\u00fcrk\u2019ten \u00f6nce \u2018kendi \u00e7ap\u0131nda\u2019 harf ink\u0131lab\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f Antoine Galland\u2019dan, Fransa\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frenmeye gelmi\u015f \u2018Dilo\u011flanlar\u0131\u2019na yok yok!<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve bas\u0131l\u0131 eserlerinin Fransa Milli K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019ne giri\u015fi nas\u0131l olmu\u015f?<\/strong>
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e koleksiyonumuzun \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturan 150 kadar elyazmas\u0131, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda iki \u00f6zel k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin kurum taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131yla oluyor. O zamanlar her sayg\u0131de\u011fer ayd\u0131n\u0131n evinde, dili bilsin bilmesin, ki genellikle bilmezlerdi, Arap\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eserler bulunurdu. Bir sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise resmi kraliyet talimatlar\u0131yla Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu\u2019dan kitap almak \u00fczere el\u00e7iler g\u00f6nderiliyor Fransa\u2019dan Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya\u2026 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitaplar bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda. Matbu eserler ise Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki ilk Arap harfli matbaa faaliyetinden, yani 1729\u2019dan itibaren bir anla\u015fmayla giriyor BnF\u2019ye. Babas\u0131 Mehmet \u00c7elebi\u2019ye Fransa\u2019da ge\u00e7ici sefirlik ziyaretinde e\u015flik eden ve daha sonra ayn\u0131 g\u00f6revi kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Said Efendi, babas\u0131yla o zaman ad\u0131 \u2018Kraliyet K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019 olan BnF\u2019ye gelmi\u015f. Said Efendi, bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin ba\u015fkan\u0131, o zamanki unvan\u0131yla \u2018kral\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanecisi\u2019 Bignon\u2019la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor ve muhtemelen Osmanl\u0131\u2019da matbaan\u0131n ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyor. Zaten o ara bu t\u00fcrden bir proje i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlar Osmanl\u0131\u2019da. Said Efendi \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dizen bir matbaa nihayet faaliyete ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn ar\u015fivlerimizde bulunan ve \u201cBundan sonra basaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcm kitaplardan size birer n\u00fcsha takdim edece\u011fiz\u201d diyen bir mektup g\u00f6nderiyor Bignon\u2019a, Said. B\u00f6ylelikle M\u00fcteferrika Matbaas\u0131\u2019nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk 17 kitap, hatta iki\u015fer n\u00fcsha halinde k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye girmi\u015f oluyor. Matbu koleksiyonumuzun \u00e7ekirde\u011fi de bu kitaplar.<\/p>\n

\u0130LK MATBAADA D\u0130N\u0130 YAYINLARA \u0130Z\u0130N YOKTU<\/strong>
\nNe basm\u0131\u015flar ilk olarak?<\/strong>
\nBir s\u00f6zl\u00fck. Zaten sadece din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015feylerin bas\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 vard\u0131; s\u00f6zl\u00fck, dil, tarih, co\u011frafya\u2026 Yani \u0130slam dinine dokunmak yok. Onlar g\u00fczel yaz\u0131yla, hatla yaz\u0131lmaya devam ediliyor. Matbaa Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlugu\u2019nda \u00e7oktand\u0131r kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu, zira \u0130spanya\u2019dan ka\u00e7an Yahudiler beraberlerinde hem aletleri hem de mesle\u011fi getirmi\u015flerdi. 15. asr\u0131n sonunda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda \u0130brani alfabesi ile kitaplar bas\u0131l\u0131yordu. Sonra di\u011fer dini az\u0131nl\u0131klar, Ermeniler, Rumlar da kitap bas\u0131yorlard\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda.
\nPeki \u0130slami ortam niye direniyor iki y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre? Bu konuda teoriler \u00e7ok. Bug\u00fcnlerde teknoloji tarihini \u2018bat\u0131ya g\u00f6re\u2019 de\u011ferlendirmek \u00e7ok ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan, \u201cNiye ge\u00e7 geldi?\u201d demekten ziyade, \u201cZaman\u0131 gelmemi\u015fti de ondan\u201d diyenler ra\u011fbette! Kesin olan, matbu kitap i\u00e7in \u2018\u00e7irkin\u2019 ya da \u2018adi kitap\u2019 denmesi. Ger\u00e7ekten de \u00e2l\u00e2 bir hattat\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131kma bir kitap, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma kald\u0131rmaz estetikte olmu\u015f hep; her ne kadar elyazmas\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131radan kitaplar da \u00fcretilmi\u015fse de… Her hal\u00fckarda \u0130slami i\u00e7erikte olanlar hep \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zenle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f. Matbaan\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitap basmas\u0131, dini bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmak \u015fart\u0131yla olmu\u015f k\u0131sacas\u0131.<\/p>\n

ERMEN\u0130LER\u0130N T\u00dcRK\u00c7E K\u0130TAP TAR\u0130H\u0130NE KATKISI B\u00dcY\u00dcK \u00a0<\/strong>
\nBenzeri bir tutum bat\u0131da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/strong>
\n\u0130\u015fin en enteresan taraf\u0131 da bu! Gutenberg Matbaas\u0131 kuruldu\u011funda en \u00e7ok bas\u0131lan kitap \u0130ncil oluyor, \u201cNe kadar da\u011f\u0131tabilirsek o kadar iyi\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle. \u0130slam\u2019da ise tam tersi, Kur\u2019an matbaada bas\u0131lm\u0131yor. M\u00fcteferrika\u2019dan sonra bir ara matbaa kapan\u0131yor, yasak konuyor, sonra tekrar ba\u015fl\u0131yor. 19. as\u0131rda bu kez \u00e7ok faal oluyor ve bir\u00e7ok matbaa kuruluyor. Ermenilerin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitap tarihine katk\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oluyor bu arada.
\nBir de litografi, yani ta\u015fbasmalar var. Bu teknik, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya iki Frans\u0131z karde\u015f sayesinde, Bat\u0131\u2019da uygulanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 devirde ula\u015f\u0131yor. Yani gecikme yok! Ta\u015fbask\u0131, elyazmas\u0131 kitaba daha yak\u0131n. Daha \u00f6nce kal\u0131b\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir seri harfi dizerek de\u011fil, elyaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131p onu bas\u0131yorsunuz.
\n19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda en \u00e7ok bas\u0131lan kitaplardan biri, \u2018Risale-i Birgivi\u2019 oluyor. Askerlerin ceplerinde ta\u015f\u0131yabilecekleri boyda olanlar bile var. \u2018T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ilmihal\u2019 diye bilinir. Dini alanda da kitap basma gere\u011fi duyulmu\u015f demek art\u0131k.<\/p>\n

B\u0130R ZAMANLARIN ERASMUSLULARI: D\u0130LO\u011eLANLAR<\/strong>
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n BnF\u2019te toplanmas\u0131 nas\u0131l olmu\u015f?<\/strong>
\nDaha \u00f6nce s\u00f6yledigim gibi, ilk 150 eser \u00f6zel k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131yla giriyor. Bir de sefir olarak ya da ba\u015fka g\u00f6revlerle Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na gitmi\u015f ki\u015filerin toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar var. Ama\u00e7 \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitap almak de\u011filse de bulunduklar\u0131 yer sayesinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile de ilgileniyorlar. \u00d6zellikle Katip \u00c7elebi\u2019nin bibliyografik eseri \u2018Ke\u015ffi\u2019z-Z\u00fcnun\u2019 sayesinde benim bug\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u015fi yap\u0131yorlar, yani se\u00e7ip al\u0131yorlar. Baz\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmiyor belki ama biliyor ki, \u015fu \u015fu adam\u0131n kitab\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.
\nGe\u00e7enlerde sunumunu da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m b\u00f6yle \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 biri var. 17. as\u0131rda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uzun seneler bulunmu\u015f me\u015fhur Antoine Galland. Onun g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinde okudu\u011fumuz bilgiler bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Bilimadam\u0131 Hezarfen H\u00fcseyin Efendi o s\u0131ralar bir tarih kitab\u0131 yaz\u0131yor. Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki Avrupai \u00e7evreler, sefirler vs. bu adama \u00e7ok de\u011fer veriyor. Frans\u0131z sefiri ona hediyeler sunuyor, davet ediyor, Hezarfen H\u00fcseyin de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 son kitab\u0131n\u0131 sefire hediye ediyor. Sefir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmiyor ama T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilenler var etraf\u0131nda. Koleksiyonlar\u0131m\u0131zda bu kitap var ama olan n\u00fcsha o olmayabilir, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u0130stanbul\u2019a T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frenmeye g\u00f6nderilen, ileride resmi terc\u00fcmanl\u0131k yapacak Frans\u0131z gen\u00e7ler var: \u2018Dilo\u011flanlar\u0131\u2019. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019da yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi Frans\u0131z gen\u00e7ler. Ticaret de diplomasi de terc\u00fcman gerektiriyor. Dilo\u011flanlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn lisans tezi diyebilece\u011fimiz \u2018\u00e7eviri defterlerinin\u2019 b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 bizim k\u00fct\u00fcphanede. Defterlerin bir yar\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metinlerden yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011faltma, \u00f6teki yar\u0131s\u0131 ise metinlerin Frans\u0131zca terc\u00fcmeleri. Lise \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki bu \u00e7ocuklar \u0130stanbul\u2019a anne babas\u0131z e\u011fitime gitmi\u015fler. Dilo\u011flanlar\u0131, bug\u00fcn Erasmus program\u0131yla gidenler gibi… Aralar\u0131ndan biri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f, yaka pa\u00e7a Fransa\u2019ya geri g\u00f6ndermi\u015fler \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u201d diye. Bug\u00fcn olsa, gizli servis o gen\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda \u2018\u0130zlenmelidir\u2019 dosyas\u0131 a\u00e7ard\u0131 herhalde..<\/p>\n

Elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye sat\u0131n alma yoluyla giriyor. Do\u011fu Dilleri Okulu\u2019nda ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip Jean Deny T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deyken bir\u00e7ok elyazmas\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015f. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra onun \u00f6zel k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi bize sat\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini direkt ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunanlar da var, mesela Pertev Naili Boratav\u2026 Kendi yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vasiyet edenler de oluyor, me\u015fhur Dr. R\u0131za Nur gibi. \u2018Hayat ve hat\u0131rat\u0131m\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitab\u0131n\u0131n elyazma n\u00fcshas\u0131 ve operetleri bize ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunulmu\u015f. Lakin R\u0131za Nur 1942\u2019de \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ise 1949\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk koleksiyonunda toplam ka\u00e7 par\u00e7a var?<\/strong>
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019den al\u0131nan bask\u0131 kitap say\u0131s\u0131 30 bini a\u015fk\u0131n. Tabii bu T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e haricinde di\u011fer dillerde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 veya T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019den \u00e7evrilmi\u015f eserleri i\u00e7ermiyor. Sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kitap say\u0131s\u0131, senede ortalama 400-450 kalemdir. Dergiler hari\u00e7…
\nElyazmalar\u0131n\u0131 ise bir eser bazen birka\u00e7 kitaptan olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in, demirba\u015f numaras\u0131 olarak verebilirim: \u0130ki binin \u00fczerinde. Frans\u0131z elyazmalar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bazen T\u00fcrk\u00e7e par\u00e7alar da bulunuyor. T\u0131pk\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Frans\u0131z elyazmalar\u0131nda yer alan, daha sonra bir televizyon \u00e7ekimi sayesinde T\u00fcrk elyazmalar\u0131na ge\u00e7irdi\u011fim, Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n I. Fran\u00e7ois\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ilk mektup gibi. Ya da az \u00f6nce s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz Said Efendi\u2019nin kral k\u00fct\u00fcphanecisi Bignon\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi anla\u015fma..<\/p>\n

EL\u0130M\u0130ZDEK\u0130 EN YEN\u0130 EL YAZMASI YA\u015eAR KEMAL\u2019E A\u0130T<\/strong>
\nElyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n konular\u0131 neler?<\/strong>
\nEn \u00e7ok tarih, din ve edebiyattan olu\u015fuyor ama her konuda eser var: M\u00fczik, astronomi, t\u0131p, co\u011frafya\u2026 \u015eairler, tarih\u00e7iler, din adamlar\u0131\u2026 Me\u015fhurlar aras\u0131nda Baki\u2019nin ve Fuzuli\u2019nin eserleri mevcut. Yine Ali \u015eir Nevai, Katip \u00c7elebi, Piri Reis.. Sonra Kanuni\u2019nin ve ba\u015fka birka\u00e7 sultan\u0131n fermanlar\u0131 hep katalo\u011fumuzda. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131, \u2018otograf\u2019 dedi\u011fimiz yani yazar\u0131n kendi elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise daha yayg\u0131n olan \u2018m\u00fcstensih\u2019 kopyalar\u0131..<\/p>\n

Koleksiyondaki en eski elyazmas\u0131 hangisi?<\/strong>
\n13. as\u0131rdan iki-\u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7a var: \u2018Kitab\u00fc\u2019l-vuhu\u015f\u2019 fragmanlar\u0131 o as\u0131rlar\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131yla istinsah edilmi\u015f. \u2018Mukaddimet\u00fc\u2019l-adab\u2019 diye bir Arap\u00e7a dil kitab\u0131 da var, yani Arap dili hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriyor. K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u00e7a bir \u2018H\u00fcsrev ile \u015eirin\u2019 de olmal\u0131, o as\u0131rda kaleme al\u0131nan.<\/p>\n

Peki en yeni elyazmas\u0131?<\/strong>
\nBenim elyazmalar\u0131na bakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00f6nemde girmi\u015f olan, Ya\u015far Kemal\u2019in kendi eliyle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fiir\u2026 Hatta kendisi hayattayken, e\u015fi Ay\u015fe Balaban\u2019a foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderip teyit ald\u0131m. \u015eiir 1940\u2019larda bir yerde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor fakat bunu elyazmas\u0131 olarak ne zaman yazd\u0131 tam bilemiyorum. Bana elyazmas\u0131n\u0131, burada ya\u015fayan Mevlut Michel Bozdemir iletti, zaman\u0131nda Paris\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 Anka dergisine vermi\u015f Ya\u015far Kemal.<\/p>\n

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u015fi nas\u0131l tan\u0131ml\u0131yorsunuz?<\/strong>
\nBa\u015fl\u0131ca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015feylerden biri, belli bir politikan\u0131n yani kurumun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan genel bir \u00e7izginin dahilinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den kitap almak. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye 1992\u2019nin sonunda girdim ve 93\u2019ten bu yana her y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den kitap sat\u0131n ald\u0131m. Kitaplar\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6ntemlerle se\u00e7tim. \u00d6nceleri yay\u0131n kataloglar\u0131 vard\u0131, gazete kitap ekleri vs yoluyla yenileri izlerdim. Elle tutulur yay\u0131nc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 ise azd\u0131. Kimin ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 bilinirdi. \u015eimdi yay\u0131nc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 inan\u0131lmaz artt\u0131. Kalite konusunda \u00e7ok dengeli olmayabilirler, bazen \u00e7ok iyi \u015feyler \u00fcretiyorlar, pe\u015findense birka\u00e7 tutars\u0131z \u015fey. Kitap al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra elyazma kitaplar\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle eski yazarlar\u0131n k\u00fcnyelerini \u00e7\u0131kartmak da i\u015fimin bir par\u00e7as\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAKAN G\u00dcNDAY K\u0130TAPLARINI B\u00dcNYEM\u0130ZE ALDIK\u00a0<\/strong>
\nHangi alanlardaki matbu kitaplar\u0131 al\u0131yorsunuz?<\/strong>
\nDil, edebiyat, geni\u015f anlamda da sanat hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rma seviyesindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6ncelik ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bir de edebi eserler. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f yazar ve \u015fairleri eskisi gibi izleyemiyorum, yeni \u00e7ok isim var. Herkese de \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit edebiyat \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc veriliyor, o da kriter olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131! Ama Hakan G\u00fcnday\u2019\u0131 mesela, Frans\u0131zca\u2019ya \u00e7evrildi\u011finde ke\u015ffettim ve hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn G\u00fcnday\u2019lar\u0131 \u0131smarlad\u0131m, toplu eser bulundurma amac\u0131yla. Vakti zaman\u0131nda yani 70\u2019lerde, 80\u2019lerde belli bir edebiyat zevkim, bilgim vard\u0131, onlar\u0131 izliyorum. Edebiyat eseri olarak amac\u0131m 20. as\u0131r T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7emin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n elverdigi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7e i\u00e7in sadece iki ki\u015fiyiz) kapsaml\u0131 olarak temsil edebilmek.<\/p>\n

Sizin i\u00e7in en ilgin\u00e7 elyazmas\u0131 hangisi?<\/strong>
\nFransa\u2019da \u2018Binbir Gece Masallar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Frans\u0131zca\u2019ya \u00e7evirmesiyle \u00fcnl\u00fc Antoine Galland\u2019\u0131n 1686\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir kitap. Hezarfen H\u00fcseyin\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti te\u015fkilat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eserin transkripsiyonu (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da). Galland kendi kafas\u0131ndaki bir sistemle, Arap alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019yi Latin harfleriyle yazm\u0131\u015f ve tam 315 sayfa doldurmu\u015f! Biraz Frans\u0131z imlas\u0131 var, biraz da kendi uydurdu\u011fu bir t\u00fcr transkripsyon alfabesi. Ama eminim bundan \u00e7ok daha \u2018ilgin\u00e7\u2019 bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka eser de mevcut ama \u015fu an en taze akl\u0131mda olan\u0131 bu.<\/p>\n

Galland, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019ten \u00f6nce \u2018kendi \u00e7ap\u0131nda\u2019 Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f yani?<\/strong>
\n1928\u2019de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, ilk kez resmi olarak Latin alfabesiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131yor. Ondan \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u00e7evrimyaz\u0131 olarak kullanm\u0131\u015f. Galland ilk olmayabilir ama ilk kez bir kitap yazan o!<\/p>\n

NASREDD\u0130N HOCA \u2018M\u00dcNASEBETS\u0130ZL\u0130K\u2019 ED\u0130NCE…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Matbu olarak en ilgin\u00e7 diyebilece\u011finiz eser hangisi?<\/strong>
\nPertev Naili Boratav\u2019\u0131n Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan 1995\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kan Nasreddin Hoca\u2019s\u0131. Pertev Bey, BnF\u2019te T\u00fcrk\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sorumlusu oldu\u011fumda k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini bize ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrede verdi, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fundan \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra vermek istedi. Nasreddin Hoca\u2019y\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden az \u00f6nce. Pertev Bey \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bitirip YKY\u2019ye teslim ediyor. Ancak YKY bast\u0131ktan sonra piyasaya vermeden geri \u00e7ekiyor kitab\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kitapta ara\u015ft\u0131rma amac\u0131yla listelenen 594 f\u0131kradan birinde camide \u2018uygunsuz\u2019 bir durumdan s\u00f6z ediliyor! Yap\u0131 Kredi\u2019deki, galiba bankac\u0131lar kurulu, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fc\u015fteriler bunu protesto eder, paralar\u0131n\u0131 bankadan \u00e7ekerler\u201d korkusuyla kitab\u0131 piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan toplatmay\u0131 beceriyor. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 tam hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum. Fakat yay\u0131nevi, kitap bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Pertev Hoca\u2019ya bir \u00f6rnek g\u00f6ndermi\u015f bulunuyor. Bu olaydan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Pertev Bey vefat etti ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bize ge\u00e7ti. Kitaplar aras\u0131nda, piyasadan \u00e7ekilen Nasreddin Hoca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da var. Ben bu kitab\u0131 Pertev Hoca\u2019n\u0131n kur\u015fun kalemle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlarla, buradaki \u2018nadir eserler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019ne teklif ettim. Bug\u00fcn, \u00fczerindeki notlar silinebilece\u011finden, \u00f6zel izinle okunabiliyor. Bu arada bu kitab\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi mi, yoksa bu \u2018uygunsuz\u2019 f\u0131kray\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak m\u0131 bast\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar Birli\u011fi, emin de\u011filim ama ben onu da ald\u0131m.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kurumlarla ili\u015fkileriniz var m\u0131?<\/strong>
\nT\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla SALT yani eski Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 Ar\u015fivleri, \u0130stanbul Fatih\u2019teki Millet Elyazma Eserler K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Diyanet\u2019in k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi \u0130SAM zaman zaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kurumlar. \u015eimdilerde Yunus Emre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ile bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Maalesef Ankara\u2019daki Milli K\u00fct\u00fcphane\u2019yle pek bir ili\u015fkimiz kalmad\u0131. Oray\u0131 kimin y\u00f6netti\u011fini bile bilmiyoruz, \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc\u2026<\/p>\n

Sizin T\u00fcrkiye ile ili\u015fkiniz nas\u0131l?<\/strong>
\nT\u00fcrkiye do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir yer, bunun tamamen bilincinde ve sevincindeyim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ok yak\u0131n ki\u015filerim var.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbullu Musevi bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fusunuz. Evde Musevi \u0130spanyolcas\u0131 ya da Ladino diye de an\u0131lan Judeoespanyol konu\u015fulmu\u015f. \u015eimdi ise Fransa\u2019da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile hatta eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile s\u00fcren bir i\u015f hayat\u0131n\u0131z var. Sizce bu \u00e7ok tesad\u00fcfi bir se\u00e7im mi?<\/strong>
\nTesad\u00fcf de\u011fil tabii ki! Herhalde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ayr\u0131 ya\u015fasam da biraz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kalman\u0131n en rahat ve g\u00fczel yolunu buldum buraya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131makla.. Ama bu \u00e7ok, \u00e7ok, \u00e7ok uzun bir konu. Yazsam kitap olacak kadar uzun.<\/p>\n

SARA YONTAN K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/strong>
\nRobert Kolej\u2019den sonra \u0130srail\u2019de \u0130ngiliz ve Amerikan edebiyat\u0131 okuyan Sara Yontan, dilbilim \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 master e\u011fitiminden sonra, 1980\u2019de Frans\u0131z e\u015fiyle Paris\u2019e gelmi\u015f. Paris\u2019te ikinci masterini da dilbilim \u00fczerine yapan ve e\u011fitimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Frans\u0131z T\u00fcrkolog Louis Bazin ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Yontan, bir Amerikan yay\u0131nevinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra Fransa\u2019n\u0131n ulusal ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumu CNRS\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Et\u00fcdleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (Institut d\u2019Etudes Turques) k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde i\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k tecr\u00fcbesinden sonra, bir ilan \u00fczerine Fransa Milli K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi BnF\u2019e, enstit\u00fcdeki \u015fefinin te\u015fvikiyle ba\u015fvurmu\u015f. 23 y\u0131ld\u0131r BNF\u2019te g\u00f6rev yapan Sara Yontan, bug\u00fcn kurumun T\u00fcrk koleksiyonlar\u0131 sorumlusu.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Paris\u2019teki milli k\u00fct\u00fcphane BnF, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n gururudur. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanedeki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve bas\u0131l\u0131 eserlerinin sorumlusu, \u0130stanbullu Sara Yontan Han\u0131m ile ge\u00e7mi\u015fi as\u0131rlar \u00f6ncesine dayanan T\u00fcrk koleksiyonlar\u0131 \u00fczerine konu\u015ftuk. Nasreddin Hoca\u2019n\u0131n camide \u2018m\u00fcnasebetsiz\u2019 bir tavr\u0131n\u0131 konu eden bir f\u0131kras\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 piyasadan hemen geri \u00e7ekilen bir Boratav \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18235"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18235\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bbyhaber.com\/bby\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}