Mehmet ALTAN<\/p>\n
\u00d6nce d\u00f6rt y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine gidelim\u2026<\/p>\n
\u201cBir hamburgerciye iki k\u00fct\u00fcphane…\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m 24 Temmuz 2006\u2019ya\u2026<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc oradan da on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine, 1996 y\u0131l\u0131na gidece\u011fiz\u2026<\/p>\n
Gelin birlikte okuyal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hep ayn\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, hi\u00e7bir kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulamadan debelenip durdu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, acaba on y\u0131l \u00f6nce durum neydi diye merak ettim.<\/p>\n
Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l Gazetesi\u2019nde Sanayi Sonras\u0131 Toplum\u2019un simgesi haline gelen Bill Gates\u2019 in yaz\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131.***<\/p>\n
Bill Gates Amerika\u2019daki k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, \u2018ne zaman kafas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirse\u2019 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc McDonald\u2019s\u2019\u0131n iki kat\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rarak \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Amerika\u2019da 16 bin k\u00fct\u00fcphane, 8 bin tane de McDonald\u2019s varm\u0131\u015f…<\/p>\n
K\u0131sacas\u0131 bir hamburgerciye iki k\u00fct\u00fcphane d\u00fc\u015fmekte… Acaba b\u00f6yle bir k\u0131yaslamay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in yapsak ne \u00e7\u0131kar? Hamburgerci, lahmacuncu, kebap\u00e7\u0131 ve pideci ba\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcphane d\u00fc\u015fmekte?<\/p>\n
Bill Gates \u2018bilgi teknolojisine ula\u015fabilenlerle ula\u015famayanlar aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizlik\u2019 hakk\u0131nda da \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u2018Baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden daha iyi enformasyon teknolojisine ula\u015fmas\u0131 normal. T\u0131pk\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak yiyecek, konut, ula\u015f\u0131m, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim gibi konularda da daha iyiye ula\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi…\u2019<\/p>\n
Gates, t\u00fcm rekabetin \u2018bilgi\u2019 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyada \u2018enformasyon kaynaklar\u0131na\u2019 ula\u015famayanlara bu \u2018olana\u011f\u0131n\u2019 nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ise \u015fu \u00f6nerileri geli\u015ftiriyor:<\/p>\n
\u2018Ki\u015fisel bilgisayar end\u00fcstrisi Henry Ford t\u00fcr\u00fc bir yakla\u015f\u0131m pe\u015finde.<\/p>\n
Emebilecek bir pazar olmas\u0131 durumunda, \u00fcr\u00fcn daha ucuz ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hale geliyor.
\nAncak geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde herkesin bilgisayar sahibi olmas\u0131 y\u0131llar alacak, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde ise ony\u0131llar.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler topluma kitap, gazete ve dergilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ileti\u015fim ve elektronik enformasyon konular\u0131nda da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Peki, ki\u015fisel bilgisayar\u0131yla internete ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane, insanlar i\u00e7in \u00e7ekici mi? \u0130nsanlar politika, edebiyat, tarih ve i\u015f hayat\u0131 bilgisine ula\u015fmada bu yerleri nereye kadar kullan\u0131rlar? Yoksa insanlar buralar\u0131 oyun oynamak, sohbet etmek i\u00e7in mi kullan\u0131r? Bu sorulara yan\u0131t aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131k.\u2019<\/p>\n
Bill Gates, \u2018bilgi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda\u2019 bilgiye ula\u015fma e\u015fitsizli\u011finin \u2018halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinin internete ba\u011flanmas\u0131yla\u2019 a\u015f\u0131l\u0131p a\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorguluyor…<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi de biraz daha yak\u0131na gelelim\u2026<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7en y\u0131la\u2026<\/p>\n
\u201cAsurlu b\u00fcy\u00fck dedenizin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi…\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m 29 Mart 2009 tarihine\u2026<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
\u201cOkula gidilen y\u0131llar n\u00fcfusa e\u015fit b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vakit her T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u2018ilkokul \u00fc\u00e7ten terk\u2019 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkede, \u2018K\u00fct\u00fcphane Haftas\u0131\u2019, herhalde kutlan\u0131lan haftalar aras\u0131nda do\u011fu\u015ftan yetim ve \u00f6ks\u00fcz kalan\u0131 olmal\u0131…<\/p>\n
H\u00e2lbuki…<\/p>\n
K\u00fct\u00fcphane kavram\u0131n\u0131n en eski kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri Asurca ve Akadca\u2019dan gelmekte…<\/p>\n
Onlar k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere \u2018Girginakku\u2019 derlermi\u015f…<\/p>\n
Asurlular…<\/p>\n
\u0130lk\u00e7a\u011fda, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131ndan biri…<\/p>\n
Ama k\u00fct\u00fcphanecili\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki durumu ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyadaki konumunu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131nca, bizim b\u00fcy\u00fck dedelerimiz Asurlular\u0131 ink\u00e2r etti\u011fimiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte…<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u2018k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler\u2019 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan evrensel s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ise Asurlulardan kalma de\u011fil…<\/p>\n
Yunanl\u0131larla Romal\u0131lardan insanl\u0131\u011fa arma\u011fan…<\/p>\n
Eski Yunanca Bibliotheke, \u2018biblion\u2019 ile \u2018theke\u2019nin bile\u015fiminden do\u011fmu\u015f…<\/p>\n
Biblion ya da bublion, o d\u00f6nemdeki kitaplar\u0131n ana maddesi olan \u2018papir\u00fcs tomar\u0131\u2019 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f…<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc papir\u00fcs sap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne \u2018bublos\u2019 denirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Zamanla \u2018bublos\u2019 do\u011frudan kitap i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015f…<\/p>\n
\u2018Theke\u2019 ise \u2018saklamak, depolamak, korumak\u2019 demekmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Biliyorsunuz, eski Yunan da, bizim \u015fimdiki topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
\u2018Libraria\u2019 ise bizim \u015fimdiki co\u011frafyam\u0131z\u0131n eski kirac\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Romal\u0131lara ait…<\/p>\n
Kitaplar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u2018liber\u2019 kelimesi o \u00e7a\u011fda kitab\u0131n malzemesi olan \u2018kay\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131\u2019 anlam\u0131na geliyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131 tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemlerde sayg\u0131nl\u0131k simgesi say\u0131l\u0131r, a\u011fa\u00e7 kabu\u011fu ise en eski yaz\u0131 malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u2018k\u00fct\u00fcphane\u2019 ise Arap\u00e7a \u2018kitab\u2019 ve Fars\u00e7a \u2018hane\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n
Arap\u00e7ada kitab\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fuluna \u2018k\u00fct\u00fcb\u2019 denmekte…<\/p>\n
K\u00fct\u00fcphane ise \u2018kitaplar evi\u2019… Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle \u2018kitaplar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 yer…<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
K\u00fct\u00fcphaneler…<\/p>\n
\u2018Bilgi edinme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u2019 sere serpe kullan\u0131larak topluma yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar…<\/p>\n
\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f toplumlar\u0131n \u00fczerine titredi\u011fi kurumlar…<\/p>\n
Bizde ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, yaz\u0131 yazmak, kitap yay\u0131nlamak devlet taraf\u0131ndan lanetlenmek ile neredeyse e\u015f anlaml\u0131…<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f ile aram\u0131zdaki farklar\u0131n b\u00f6ylesine a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, darbe mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini geli\u015ftirmeyen bir toplumun var olma \u015fans\u0131 ne kadar ki?<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
\u00dcz\u00fclerek anl\u0131yoruz ki…<\/p>\n
Bu \u00fclkede \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fcz yanl\u0131\u015f tart\u0131\u015fmalarla ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n
\u00dcstelik…<\/p>\n
Asurlular…<\/p>\n
Yunanl\u0131lar…<\/p>\n
Romal\u0131lar…<\/p>\n
Hepsinin uygarl\u0131k tarihine olan katk\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcn bizim m\u00fclkiyetimizde olan topraklarda dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f…<\/p>\n
Ama biz bunlardan ne kadar nasiplenmi\u015fiz?<\/p>\n
Asurlu b\u00fcy\u00fck dedelerimizin, e\u011fer kalm\u0131\u015fsa, kemikleri s\u0131zl\u0131yordur…<\/p>\n
K\u00fct\u00fcphane kelimesinin Asurca dilinde do\u011fmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bizim K\u00fct\u00fcphane Haftas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ancak 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r kutluyor olmam\u0131z, Asurlu b\u00fcy\u00fck dedelerimizi zaten ink\u00e2r etti\u011fimizi g\u00f6stermeye yetiyor ama neyse…\u201d<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
Bunlar\u0131 neden mi hat\u0131rlat\u0131yorum?<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc\u2026<\/p>\n
29 Mart – 4 Nisan tarihleri aras\u0131nda 46. K\u00fct\u00fcphane Haftas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kutlamaktay\u0131z\u2026<\/p>\n
K\u00f6t\u00fcmser olmak istemem\u2026<\/p>\n
Ola ki \u201cyeni bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane\u201d kurmak isteyen olur\u2026<\/p>\n
Onlar i\u00e7in \u0130ngiliz Daily Telegraph Gazetesi \u00f6ncelikle binlerce kitaba sahip olman\u0131n iyi bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye sahip olmak anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015f…<\/p>\n
Bununla da yetinmemi\u015f, iyi bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane i\u00e7in gerekli olan 110 kitap belirlemi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Gazetenin t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re belirledi\u011fi 110 kitapl\u0131k listeye her yerden ula\u015fabilirsiniz ama listedeki bir iki pop\u00fcler kitab\u0131 anmadan da ge\u00e7mek olmaz:<\/p>\n
Klasikler listesinin birinci s\u0131ras\u0131nda Homeros\u2019un iki destan\u0131 \u0130lyada ve Odysseia yer al\u0131yor. Jane Austen\u2019in A\u015fk ve Gurur\u2019u, Tolstoy\u2019un Sava\u015f ve Bar\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131, Charles Dickens\u2019\u0131n David Copperfield\u2019\u0131 klasik listeden…<\/p>\n
\u015eiirlerden Shakespeare\u2019in Soneleri, Dante\u2019nin \u0130lahi Komedya\u2019s\u0131 ilk ba\u015flarda…<\/p>\n
Edebi eserlerde Proust\u2019un Kay\u0131p Zaman\u0131n \u0130zinde\u2019si, James Joyce\u2019un Ulysses\u2019i, Ernest Hemingway\u2019in \u00c7anlar Kimin \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7al\u0131yor\u2019u…<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyay\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftiren Kitaplar ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n Kapital\u2019i, Rousseau\u2019nun Toplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Charles Darwin\u2019in T\u00fcrlerin K\u00f6keni\u2026<\/p>\n
Polisiyede Patricia Highsmith\u2019den Yetenekli Bay Ripley, Arthur Conan Doyle\u2019dan Sherlock Holmes, Agatha Christie\u2019den \u015eark Ekspresinde Cinayet, Edgar Allan Poe\u2019dan Morgue Soka\u011f\u0131 Cinayeti\u2026<\/p>\n
Tarih kitaplar\u0131nda Edward Gibbon\u2019dan The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ilk g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan\u2026<\/p>\n
Bilimkurgu\u2019da ise Jules Verne\u2019den Denizalt\u0131nda Yirmi Bin Fersah, H.G.Wells\u2019den Zaman Makinesi\u2026<\/p>\n
Gazetenin yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ocuk kitaplar\u0131 listesinde Harry Potter serisi ile J. R. R. Tolkien\u2019den Y\u00fcz\u00fcklerin Efendisi dikkat \u00e7ekiyor\u2026<\/p>\n
Ki\u015fisel Geli\u015fim\u2019de Richard Bach\u2019tan Mart\u0131, Douglas Adams\u2019tan Bir Otostop\u00e7unun Galaksi Rehberi\u2026<\/p>\n
Romantiklerden de Margaret Mitchell\u2019den R\u00fczg\u00e2r Gibi Ge\u00e7ti, Boris Pasternak\u2019tan Dr. Jivago ilk g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpanlar\u2026<\/p>\n
xxx<\/p>\n
Ama\u2026<\/p>\n
Bunca laftan sonra esas sormak istedi\u011fim soruya geleyim\u2026<\/p>\n
Bu kadar kitaps\u0131z\u2026<\/p>\n
Bu kadar k\u00fct\u00fcphanesiz \u201cekonomik kalk\u0131nma\u201d olabilir mi?<\/p>\n
Diyelim ki oldu.<\/p>\n
Peki, o zaman acaba \u201cekonomik geli\u015fme\u201d olabilir mi?<\/p>\n
Aras\u0131ndaki fark ne mi?<\/p>\n
Evde \u015fak\u0131r \u015fak\u0131r sular\u0131n kesilmeden akmas\u0131 kalk\u0131nmad\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n
Ama sabah ak\u015fam du\u015f almak ise geli\u015fme\u2026<\/p>\n